Here is a detailed list of significant events and incidents that have taken place on January 9th throughout history:

• 1: 1431 – Trial of Joan of Arc: On January 9th, 1431, the trial of Joan of Arc, a key figure in the Hundred Years' War between France and England, began in Rouen, France. She was charged with heresy and eventually executed, but her actions and trial significantly impacted European history.
• 2: 1610 - Galileo Galilei discovered the first three moons of Jupiter.
• 3: 1768 – Philip Astley Stages the First Modern Circus: Philip Astley, a former cavalryman, staged the first modern circus in London. He showcased equestrian tricks and introduced a circular arena, which later became the standard for circuses.
• 4: 1774 - British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduced the first modern income tax to raise funds for the war against Napoleon.
• 5: 1793 – First Balloon Flight in the U.S.: Jean Pierre Blanchard conducted the first balloon flight in the United States, flying from Philadelphia to Gloucester County, New Jersey. This event marked the beginning of the era of air travel in America.
• 6: 1861 – Mississippi Secedes from the Union: Amidst the growing tensions leading up to the American Civil War, Mississippi became the second state to secede from the Union. This action contributed to the formation of the Confederate States of America.
• 7: 1878 – Umberto I Becomes King of Italy: Following the death of his father, King Victor Emmanuel II, Umberto I ascended to the Italian throne. His reign saw the development of Italy as a nation-state and the alignment with Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance.
• 8: 1909 – Ernest Shackleton’s Expedition Finds the Magnetic South Pole: Ernest Shackleton, a renowned Antarctic explorer, and his team located the approximate area of the magnetic South Pole. This was a significant achievement in the early 20th-century exploration of Antarctica.
• 9: 1927- First transatlantic telephone service was established between New York and London.
• 10: 1934 - Virginia Woolf buys a house in Bloomsbury.
• 11: 1941 – First Flight of the Avro Lancaster: The Avro Lancaster, a British four-engined Second World War heavy bomber, made its first flight. It became one of the most successful heavy bombers of the war.
• 12: 1959 - The United States recognised Fidel Castro’s new government in Cuba.
• 13: 1960 – Construction of Aswan High Dam Begins: In Egypt, construction began on the Aswan High Dam. Its completion significantly impacted Egypt's economy and culture, controlling floods, providing increased agricultural production, and generating hydroelectric power.
• 14: 2007 – Steve Jobs Introduces the iPhone: Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs introduced the first iPhone at the Macworld convention in San Francisco. This event marked a significant milestone in the development of smartphones and mobile computing.
• 15: 2015 – Charlie Hebdo Shooting Aftermath: Following the terrorist attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo on January 7, there were nationwide manhunts and additional terrorist incidents in France, raising global awareness about issues of free speech and security.